Myofibroma pathology

Myofibroma is a benign fibrous tumour. It is most commonly a solitary lesion arising in the first 2 years of life, when it is also called solitary infantile myofibroma. It is thought to be of myofibroblastic origin.

Histology of myofibroma

Low power view of myofibroma demonstrates a well defined multinodular tumour arising in the deep dermis or subcutis (Figure 1). Also at low power a branching ‘staghorn’ like pattern of blood vessels can be seen between the tumour nodules (Figure 2). Areas of calcification can often be seen (Figures 2, 3 and 5). The tumour nodules are comprised of a spindle cell proliferation with short plump nuclei (Figures 4,5 and 6). A basophilic tinge in the spindled peripheral component of the nodules is evident (Figures 7 and 8). Sclerotic collagen in the centre of the tumour nodules gives a biphasic appearance to the tumour (Figure 9).

Myofibroma pathology

Myofibroma pathology

Myofibroma pathology

Myofibroma pathology

Myofibroma pathology

Myofibroma pathology

Myofibroma pathology

Myofibroma pathology

Myofibroma pathology

Special stains in myofibroma

Typically the spindle cell component of myofibroma stains positively to vimentin and smooth muscle actin, with variable staining seen to desmin.

Histological variants of myofibroma

A small number of clinical myofibroma variants exist.

Solitary cutaneous myofibromas: Solitary lesions arising in adults.

Multiple congenital myofibromas: May be seen with or without systemic involvement. Visceral involvement portends a poor prognosis.

Differential diagnosis of myofibroma

Myopericytoma: There is significant overlap with this tumour and they may fall along a spectrum. A concentric perivascular proliferation favours myopericytoma, whereas a biphasic appearance with hyalinised paucicellular areas favours myofibroma.